INTRODUCTION TO NEUROSCIENCE
The aims of the Neuroscience Module are to provide the medical students, through a study of the structure and the function of the major components of the nervous system, the important connections and the concept of its functions and dysfunctions. They will also gain insight into the testing and imaging of the nervous system as applied to patients' problems. It will make the diagnostic importance of concepts such as upper and lower motor neurons and peripheral and central divisions of the nervous system and the associated lesions more apparent. Besides, examining discrete malfunction of the major elements, the global function of the cerebral cortex and the other parts of the nervous system, is covered with reference to the neurochemistry of the brain. They will also understand common infections of the nervous system including toxoplasmosis, prevention and the drugs used in the treatments. In addition, they will understand the drugs used in degenerative diseases, drugs of abuse, sedative-hypnotics, anaesthetics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Furthermore, the student will understand the common cerebral neoplasia, the effects, and complications. Similarly, they will understand the effects of the space-occupying lesions in the nervous system.
PRE-REQUISITES
The students should have prior knowledge of
1. the histology of nervous tissue and neuroglia.
2. the properties of nerve fibres, synapses and of neurotransmitter action.
3. the nature of muscular innervation and contraction.
MODULE OBJECTIVES
By the end of the module, the students should be able to:
1. Describe the anatomical structures and organization of the head and neck region including the nervous system.
2. Explain the functions of central nervous system and relate it to the control of body movement
3. Describe the pathogenesis, clinical features and effects and complications of cerebral neoplasia, increased intracranial pressure, degenerative disease of the nervous system, Parkinson's disease and other cerebellar lesions.
4. describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, complications of CNS infections and interpretation of relevant laboratory investigations for diagnosis.
5. To discuss the pharmacological agents used to suppress neurological functions for medical purposes (such as anesthesia and sedative-hypnotics), to treat neurological disorders (such as antidepressants, antiepileptics, antiparkinsons and antipsychotics), and their abuse.
METHODS OF ASSESSMENT
Continuous assessment (30%):
1) Problem-based Learning = 10%
2) End Of Module Examination = 20%
OBA (7%)
EMI (7%)
MEQ (6%)
End of Semester Examination (70%)
1) Theory Paper = 60%
OBA (20%)
EMI (10%)
MEQ (30%)
2) Objective-structured Practical Examination (OSPE) = 10%
Attendance in all teaching-learning activities will be considered in allowing a student to sit for the End of Semester Examination.
Refer Examination (100%)
1) Theory Paper = 90%
OBA (30%)
EMI (15%)
MEQ (45%)
2) OSPE = 10%
RESOURCE MATERIALS
1. Baynes JW and Dominiczak MH, 2018. Medical Biochemistry. 5th Edition. Elsevier.
2. Boitano S., Brooks H.L., Barman S.M. 2015: Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology. 25th Edition, Boston: McGraw Hill.
3. Brunton L.L. & Hilal-Dandan R. 2018. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 13th Edition. USA: McGraw Hill.
4. Crossman A.R. & Neary D. 2010. Neuroanatomy: An Illustrated Colour Text, Churchill Livingstone.
5. Goering, R. V., Dockrell, H. M., Zuckerman, M. & Chiodini, P.L. 2019. Mims’ Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 6th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
6. Hall, J.E. 2016: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
7. Katzung, B.G. 2018: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 14th Edition. Boston: McGraw Hill/Lange.
8. Kumar V., Abbas A.K. & Aster J.C. 2015. Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th Edition. Elsevier.
9. Lieberman M. & Marks A.D. 2009: Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach. 3rd Edition, USA: Wolter Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
10. Rang H.P., Ritter J.M., Flower R.J. & Henderson G. 2016. Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology. 8th Edition. Churchill Livingstone
11. Sadler, T.W. 2019: Langman’s Medical Embryology. 14th Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
12. Sherwood, L. 2016: Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. 9th Edition. Canada: Cengage Learning.
13. Snell RS, 2001: Clinical Neuroanatomy for Medical Students. 5th Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
14. Snell, R.S. 2004: Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students. 7th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
15. Trevor A., Katzung B.G. & Masters S. 2010. Katzung & Trevor’s Pharmacology Examination & Board Review, 9th Edition. McGraw Hill/Lange.
16. Underwood, J.C.E. 2004. General and Systemic Pathology. 4th Edition. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
17. Waller D.G. & Sampson A.P. 2018. Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
18. Whalen K., Radhakrishnan R. & Field C. 2019: Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. 7th Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
The aims of the Neuroscience Module are to provide the medical students, through a study of the structure and the function of the major components of the nervous system, the important connections and the concept of its functions and dysfunctions. They will also gain insight into the testing and imaging of the nervous system as applied to patients' problems. It will make the diagnostic importance of concepts such as upper and lower motor neurons and peripheral and central divisions of the nervous system and the associated lesions more apparent. Besides, examining discrete malfunction of the major elements, the global function of the cerebral cortex and the other parts of the nervous system, is covered with reference to the neurochemistry of the brain. They will also understand common infections of the nervous system including toxoplasmosis, prevention and the drugs used in the treatments. In addition, they will understand the drugs used in degenerative diseases, drugs of abuse, sedative-hypnotics, anaesthetics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. Furthermore, the student will understand the common cerebral neoplasia, the effects, and complications. Similarly, they will understand the effects of the space-occupying lesions in the nervous system.
PRE-REQUISITES
The students should have prior knowledge of
1. the histology of nervous tissue and neuroglia.
2. the properties of nerve fibres, synapses and of neurotransmitter action.
3. the nature of muscular innervation and contraction.
MODULE OBJECTIVES
By the end of the module, the students should be able to:
1. Describe the anatomical structures and organization of the head and neck region including the nervous system.
2. Explain the functions of central nervous system and relate it to the control of body movement
3. Describe the pathogenesis, clinical features and effects and complications of cerebral neoplasia, increased intracranial pressure, degenerative disease of the nervous system, Parkinson's disease and other cerebellar lesions.
4. describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, complications of CNS infections and interpretation of relevant laboratory investigations for diagnosis.
5. To discuss the pharmacological agents used to suppress neurological functions for medical purposes (such as anesthesia and sedative-hypnotics), to treat neurological disorders (such as antidepressants, antiepileptics, antiparkinsons and antipsychotics), and their abuse.
METHODS OF ASSESSMENT
Continuous assessment (30%):
1) Problem-based Learning = 10%
2) End Of Module Examination = 20%
OBA (7%)
EMI (7%)
MEQ (6%)
End of Semester Examination (70%)
1) Theory Paper = 60%
OBA (20%)
EMI (10%)
MEQ (30%)
2) Objective-structured Practical Examination (OSPE) = 10%
Attendance in all teaching-learning activities will be considered in allowing a student to sit for the End of Semester Examination.
Refer Examination (100%)
1) Theory Paper = 90%
OBA (30%)
EMI (15%)
MEQ (45%)
2) OSPE = 10%
RESOURCE MATERIALS
1. Baynes JW and Dominiczak MH, 2018. Medical Biochemistry. 5th Edition. Elsevier.
2. Boitano S., Brooks H.L., Barman S.M. 2015: Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology. 25th Edition, Boston: McGraw Hill.
3. Brunton L.L. & Hilal-Dandan R. 2018. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 13th Edition. USA: McGraw Hill.
4. Crossman A.R. & Neary D. 2010. Neuroanatomy: An Illustrated Colour Text, Churchill Livingstone.
5. Goering, R. V., Dockrell, H. M., Zuckerman, M. & Chiodini, P.L. 2019. Mims’ Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 6th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
6. Hall, J.E. 2016: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
7. Katzung, B.G. 2018: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 14th Edition. Boston: McGraw Hill/Lange.
8. Kumar V., Abbas A.K. & Aster J.C. 2015. Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th Edition. Elsevier.
9. Lieberman M. & Marks A.D. 2009: Marks’ Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach. 3rd Edition, USA: Wolter Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
10. Rang H.P., Ritter J.M., Flower R.J. & Henderson G. 2016. Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology. 8th Edition. Churchill Livingstone
11. Sadler, T.W. 2019: Langman’s Medical Embryology. 14th Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
12. Sherwood, L. 2016: Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. 9th Edition. Canada: Cengage Learning.
13. Snell RS, 2001: Clinical Neuroanatomy for Medical Students. 5th Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
14. Snell, R.S. 2004: Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students. 7th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
15. Trevor A., Katzung B.G. & Masters S. 2010. Katzung & Trevor’s Pharmacology Examination & Board Review, 9th Edition. McGraw Hill/Lange.
16. Underwood, J.C.E. 2004. General and Systemic Pathology. 4th Edition. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
17. Waller D.G. & Sampson A.P. 2018. Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 5th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
18. Whalen K., Radhakrishnan R. & Field C. 2019: Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. 7th Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
- Lecturer: PROF. DR. NORZANA BINTI ABD. GHAFAR
- Lecturer: PROF. DR. REENA RAHAYU BINTI MD ZAIN
- Lecturer: PROF. MADYA DR. AZMAN BIN ABDULLAH
- Lecturer: DR. NORHAZLINA BINTI ABDUL WAHAB
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